With reference to the Supreme Court of India, answer the following questions:
(i) Mention the three categories of cases under Appellate jurisdiction.
(ii) Name any three writs issued by the Supreme Court to protect Fundamental Rights.
(iii) What is the composition of the Supreme Court? Why is it called a Court of Record?
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(i) The three categories of cases under the Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court are:
- Constitutional Cases
- Civil Cases
- Criminal Cases
(ii) Three writs issued by the Supreme Court to protect Fundamental Rights are:
- Habeas Corpus
- Mandamus
- Certiorari
(iii) Composition of the Supreme Court — The Supreme Court of India consists of a Chief Justice of India and not more than 33 other judges, until Parliament by law prescribes a larger number of judges.
Court of Record — The Supreme Court is called a Court of Record for the following reasons:
- Its judgements are recorded for evidence and testimony, and these records are of evidentiary value and cannot be questioned in any court.
- Its judgements are in the nature of precedents, i.e., the High Courts and other courts are bound to follow them while deciding similar cases.
- As a Court of Record, it has the power to punish for contempt of court those who disobey its orders or show disrespect to it.