Sample Paper

Language translation

Reason — The picture shown depicts text being translated from one language to another, which is an application of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Language translation is an NLP application that enables computers to understand text in one language and convert it into another language, such as translating English text into Hindi or other languages.

Explainability

Reason — Explainability refers to the ability of an AI system to explain or justify the decisions or recommendations it makes. In this scenario, when a chatbot recommends a specific product on an e-commerce website, it is important to understand why that particular product was suggested. Hence, the ethical issue related here is explainability, as users should be able to know the reasoning behind AI-based recommendations.

Voice search on Google

Reason — Natural Language Processing (NLP) enables computers to understand and process human language in written or spoken form. Voice search on Google is an example of NLP because it involves speech recognition and language understanding, where the system interprets spoken queries and provides relevant results.

Machine learning

Reason — Machine learning enables systems to learn from experience by identifying patterns in large datasets using algorithms and computational techniques.

Quantum robots

Reason — Robots are categorised based on their operating environment, such as ground robots, aerial robots, and underwater robots.

High initial cost

Reason — One limitation of using robots is the high initial cost involved in their purchase, installation, and maintenance. Robots offer advantages such as consistency, efficiency in repetitive tasks, and the ability to work in hazardous environments.

Rescue operation

Reason — Humanoid (human) robots are designed to perform tasks in a human-like manner, especially in situations where human assistance is required. One of their applications is rescue operations, where they can help in searching, assisting, and rescuing people in disaster-affected or dangerous areas.

Sensors

Reason — Sensors help robots interact with their environment by detecting changes such as temperature, light, sound, pressure, and distance.

Underwater robots

Reason — Underwater robots are designed to work in the extreme depths of oceans and therefore require a pressure-resistant mechanism to withstand high water pressure.

Personalised content

Reason — AI-based recommendation systems use user data, preferences, and behaviour patterns to suggest personalised content. Platforms such as Netflix, Amazon, and Spotify analyse past interactions to provide customised recommendations to users.

#

Reason — A comment in Python is denoted by the # symbol. Any text written after # on a line is ignored by the Python interpreter and is used to explain the code or make it more readable.

Predicting weather conditions

Reason — Probabilistic computing is used for problems that involve uncertainty and prediction. Weather forecasting is given as an example where probabilistic algorithms estimate the likelihood of different weather events based on historical data and current conditions. The other options are deterministic problems with predictable outcomes.

Reinforcement learning

Reason — Reinforcement learning is a type of learning in which a system learns by receiving feedback (rewards or penalties) based on its actions and adjusts its behaviour accordingly. In factory settings, robots improve task efficiency by using this feedback mechanism to optimise their actions over time.

Electric

Reason — Electric actuators are used to create different types of motion in robots, such as rotational and linear motion.

25

Reason — According to operator precedence:

= 5 * (3 + 2)
= 5 * 5
= 25

i. Numeric ii. Boolean iii. String

Reason — According to the Python Programming:

• 5 is a numeric (integer) data type.
• True represents a Boolean value.
• "ICSE" is enclosed in quotation marks, so it is a String data type.

Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of Assertion (A).

Reason — Artificial Intelligence enables machines to simulate human intelligence, allowing them to think, learn, and make decisions. AI systems adapt based on experience and data, which explains how smart machines are able to learn in a human-like manner.

Human-like cognitive abilities

Reason — Broad AI (Strong AI / Artificial General Intelligence) refers to systems that possess human-like cognitive abilities, enabling them to understand, learn, and perform a variety of intellectual tasks across multiple domains, similar to humans.

Assertion (A) is false, and Reason (R) is true.

Reason — Not all robots are autonomous. Many robots require human intervention or remote control for their operation. This is especially true in hazardous environments, military applications, and certain industrial tasks, where robots are controlled by humans to ensure safety and accuracy.

Shakey

Reason — Shakey is regarded as the first fully autonomous robot.

Mobile robots are designed to move autonomously and can operate in industries, hospitals, shopping complexes, and outdoor environments. They are used to perform tasks such as transportation and delivery of goods, inspection, and surveillance. Their autonomous movement enables them to work efficiently in different environments while carrying out a variety of tasks.

Two types of sensors used in robots are:

1. Temperature Sensor – A temperature sensor is used to detect changes in temperature. These sensors help robots to take decisions based on temperature variations, such as fire-control robots detecting a rise in temperature and performing necessary actions.

2. Ultrasonic Sensor – An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect objects or obstacles using sound waves. It helps robots to navigate from one place to another by detecting obstacles through the transmission and reflection of sound waves.

Two advantages of AI in the defence field are:

1. Better decision-making through fast data analysis: AI can quickly analyse large amounts of battlefield data from drones, satellites, and sensors to identify threats and support commanders in taking timely, accurate decisions.
2. Improved surveillance and early warning: AI systems can continuously monitor borders/areas using cameras and sensors, detect suspicious movement, and raise alerts early, helping prevent surprise attacks.

Narrow AI is designed to perform a single task or a set of closely related tasks, whereas Broad AI is designed to mimic human intelligence and perform a variety of intellectual tasks across different domains.

An example of a robot that moves in one direction only is a conveyor belt robot.

False

Reason — A chatbot can simulate conversation using NLP and AI, but it does not actually think like a human. It replies based on programmed rules or the data it has been trained on, so its responses can be limited and may not handle every situation like a real person.

17.0

1. a, b = 3, 5 — This line assigns the value 3 to variable a and 5 to variable b using multiple assignment.

2. c = a * 2 + b / 2 — According to operator precedence:

c = a * 2 + b / 2
c = 3 * 2 + 5 / 2
c = 6 + 5 / 2
c = 6 + 2.5
c = 8.5

3. print(c * 2) — This line multiplies the value of c by 2: 8.5 * 2 = 17.0. The print() function displays the result.

Type of error: Syntax error

The program gives the wrong output because it contains syntax errors, such as incorrect variable assignment, missing colon (:) in the if statement, and improper indentation.

The corrected program:

x = 8
y = 2
if (x == y):
    print("both are unequal")
else:
    print("both are equal")

Number of times the loop will execute: 3 times

Hello
Hello
Hello

• The variable count is initialised to 0. The while loop runs as long as count < 3 is true.
• Each time the loop executes, "Hello" is printed and the value of count is increased by 1.
• When count becomes 3, the condition count < 3 becomes false and the loop stops.

False

The variable flag is assigned the value False. Since the condition in the if statement evaluates to False, the control moves to the else block, and "False" is printed as the output.

[1, 2, 3]
<class 'list'>

• print(nums) displays the contents of the list nums.
• print(type(nums)) displays the data type of nums, which is a list in Python.

Block diagram showing four degrees of freedom in a robot is given below:

a. Natural Language Processing (NLP)

b. Two applications of NLP are:

1. Language translation
2. Chatbots

name = input("Enter product name: ")
price = float(input("Enter product price: "))

if price < 1000:
    discount = 0
elif price <= 5000:
    discount = 2 / 100
elif price <= 15000:
    discount = 3 / 100
elif price <= 25000:
    discount = 5 / 100
elif price <= 50000:
    discount = 10 / 100
else:
    discount = 12 / 100

discount_amount = price * discount
net_amount = price - discount_amount

print("Product Name:", name)
print("Original Price:", price)
print("Discount Amount:", discount_amount)
print("Net Amount to be Paid:", net_amount)

Enter product name: Mobile Phone
Enter product price: 20000
Product Name: Mobile Phone
Original Price: 20000.0
Discount Amount: 1000.0
Net Amount to be Paid: 19000.0

Different types of autonomous vehicles are:

1. Autonomous ground vehicles
2. Autonomous aerial vehicles
3. Autonomous underwater vehicles

Autonomous ground vehicles: Autonomous ground vehicles are vehicles that can operate without human intervention. They use sensors, cameras, and Artificial Intelligence techniques to sense their surroundings, make decisions, and navigate from one place to another. These vehicles are used for tasks such as transportation, inspection, and surveillance, and help in reducing human effort and improving efficiency.

Three benefits of integrating technology in medical and healthcare are:

1. Early disease detection and diagnosis – Technology such as Artificial Intelligence and computer vision is used to analyse medical images like X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs, which helps doctors in detecting diseases at an early stage and making accurate diagnoses.
2. Better patient monitoring – Smart devices and sensors are used to monitor patient's health conditions continuously. This helps doctors and healthcare professionals to track vital signs and provide timely treatment.
3. Improved efficiency in healthcare services – The use of technology helps in automating medical processes, managing patient data, and supporting decision-making, which reduces human effort and improves the overall efficiency of healthcare systems.

sym = input("Enter the symbol: ")
for i in range(1, 5):
    print((sym + " ") * i)

Enter the symbol: *
* 
* *
* * *
* * * *

Enter the symbol: #
# 
# #
# # #
# # # #

Two applications of Computer Vision are:

1. Medical Imaging — Computer vision is used to analyse medical images such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs. It helps doctors in detecting diseases and identifying abnormalities accurately.
2. Face Recognition — Face recognition is an application of computer vision that enables a system to identify a person by analysing facial features from images or videos. It is commonly used in security and surveillance systems.

a. Spherical joint

b. Spherical joints, also known as ball and socket joints, provide the most freedom of movement among all joint types. They allow the links to rotate around multiple axes, enabling the robot to move in multiple directions. Spherical joints are commonly found in the human shoulder and hip joints.

def ice_water(n):
    if n % 3 == 0 and n % 5 == 0:
        return "icewater"
    elif n % 3 == 0:
        return "ice"
    elif n % 5 == 0:
        return "water"
    else:
        return n

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
result = ice_water(num)
print(result)

Enter a number: 15
icewater

Enter a number: 9
ice

Enter a number: 20
water

Linear Motion: Linear motion in robots refers to the movement of a robot in a straight line. The robot in linear motion travels in a straight line and its displacement is proportional to the time elapsed.

Angular Motion: Angular motion is the rotational movement of a robot or its part around a fixed axis. In this motion, the robot changes its direction by rotating through a certain angle.

Circular Motion: Circular motion is the movement of a robot or its part along a circular path. In this type of motion, the robot continuously changes its direction while moving around a fixed centre.

a. The responsibility for the activities and impacts of AI systems lies with the creators, developers, operators, and organisations that design, deploy, and use the AI systems.

b. To ensure accountability in AI systems, clear guidelines of responsibilities and well-defined processes must be established so that accountability for decisions made by AI systems can be clearly identified.

c. Continuous monitoring is important in AI ethics because it helps in tracking the behaviour, performance, and outcomes of AI systems and ensures that they function as intended without causing unintended harm.

d. Harm caused by AI technology can be managed by establishing proper accountability mechanisms, following ethical guidelines, and optimising AI systems regularly to reduce risks and negative impacts.

def check_speed(speed):
    if speed < 70:
        print("OK")
    else:
        points = (speed - 70) // 5
        print("Demerit Points:", points)
speed = int(input("Enter the speed: "))
check_speed(speed)

Enter the speed: 80
Demerit Points: 2

Data is important in AI-based recommendation systems because AI algorithms use large amounts of data to learn user preferences and behaviour. Recommendation systems analyse data such as user choices, past interactions, ratings, and browsing history to identify patterns. The quality, quantity, and relevance of data directly affect the performance and accuracy of the recommendations. Accurate and well-processed data helps the AI system generate personalised and meaningful recommendations, whereas poor or insufficient data can lead to incorrect or less useful suggestions.

Circuit Diagram of NOR Gate:

Truth Table of NOR Gate:

def sum_multiples(limit):
    s = 0
    for i in range(0, limit + 1):
        if i % 3 == 0 or i % 5 == 0:
            s = s + i
    return s

limit = int(input("Enter limit: "))
print(sum_multiples(limit))

Enter limit: 20
98

Robots are called flexible mechanical machines because they are designed with links, joints, actuators, and controllers that allow them to perform a wide variety of tasks. Robots can change their position, direction, and movement according to the task requirements. They can be reprogrammed to perform different operations without changing their physical structure. Due to their flexibility, robots can be used in different environments and applications such as manufacturing, medical surgery, transportation, and space exploration. This ability to adapt and perform multiple tasks makes robots flexible mechanical machines.

All robots are machines because they are electromechanical devices designed to perform specific tasks using mechanical parts, electronic components, and computer programs. Robots are capable of sensing their environment, processing information, and performing actions either autonomously or with minimal human intervention.

However, all machines are not robots. A machine is any device that helps humans perform work more easily, such as a fan, washing machine, or calculator. These machines work only according to fixed instructions and do not have sensors, decision-making ability, or adaptability. They cannot sense the environment or make decisions based on inputs.

Robots, on the other hand, can process sensor data, make decisions, and adapt to changes in their surroundings. Therefore, while every robot is a machine, every machine cannot be called a robot, which justifies the statement.

a = int(input("Enter first number: "))
b = int(input("Enter second number: "))
x = a
y = b
while b != 0:
    r = a % b
    a = b
    b = r
hcf = a
lcm = (x * y) // hcf
print("HCF:", hcf)
print("LCM:", lcm)

Enter first number: 12
Enter second number: 18
HCF: 6
LCM: 36