Industries

Kolkata

Michigan

Japan

Dolomite

Russia

Animal-based

Owned and controlled by state or central government.

Poland

Iron and steel

Manchester of Japan

Gujarat

Rotterdam

Dogger bank

Whitefield

1986

(a) Cuba is a major producer of Sugar

(b) Bengaluru is the chief centre of IT industry.

(c) UK is known as birth place of modern textile industry.

(d) Osaka is known as Manchester of Japan.

(e) The first successful textile mill was set up in Mumbai in 1954

(i) False
Corrected Statement — Osaka is situated in East Asia.

(ii) False
Corrected Statement — The tata steel is situated in Jamshedpur.

(iii) True

(iv) False
Corrected Statement — The IT industry is situated in Bengaluru.

(v) True

Three raw materials required for iron and steel industry are:

1. Iron ore
2. Limestone
3. Dolomite

Industrial waste is major source of water pollution. Various industries like chemicals, paper, tanning, dyeing, textiles, sugar, jute, etc. produce millions of tons of industrial waste, both in solid and liquid form. The entire waste is thrown into water bodies or in open low-lying areas. This waste affects the surface water as well as ground water.

The industrial waste should be collected from source and managed on scientific basis in order to prevent water pollution.

The two largest producer of cotton textile are:

1. UK
2. Japan

The ideal geographical factors such as black soil, plenty of fresh water, transport facility and rich hinterland are some of the factors for the development of the cotton textile industry in the region of Maharashtra and Gujarat.

The key elements of information technology are hardware and software that are important to use computer to store, retrieve, transmit, manipulate data or information. It is done in context of business or other enterprises.

Information technology is the use of computer to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data or information, often in the context of business or other enterprise. Whereas the software industry includes businesses for development, maintenance and publication of software that are using different business models.

Every software company is an IT company but every IT company may not be a software company. For example, a hardware company is an IT company but not a software company. IT company is the general term. It may be an IT service company or software product company.

Three advantages of industrialisation are

1. It leads to an increase in per capita income and provide goods to meet high-income demands.
2. It provides increasing avenues for employment of new skilled labour force.
3. It improves national income and provides a higher standard of living for the general population.

Agro-based industries are those industries which depend on agriculture for supply of their raw materials. E.g. Sugar industry.

Mineral-based industries are industries which receive their raw materials from minerals. E.g. Iron and Steel industry.

The famous ship building yards are located in Chicago, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, New york, Hundai etc. In India, major shipyards are Vishakhapatnam, Kolkata and Mumbai.

Steel plants that do not do all the processes under one complex are known as mini-steel plants. They use scrap iron and spong iron which is easily available. They are decentralised secondary units. They use electric furnaces instead of blast furnaces.

The sugar industry face challenges such as:

1. Old and inefficient methods of production.
2. Lack of efficient transportation.
3. Fluctuations in the output of sugarcane due to erratic nature of monsoons.

The by-products of the sugar industry are:

1. Molasses — It is used in manufacture of fertilizer, DDT, power alcohol, synthetic rubber, plastic, rum, chemicals and cattle feed.
2. Bagasse — It serves as raw material for paper industry. It is also used for making cardboard.
3. Press mud — It is used for making wax, shoe polish and carbon paper.