Allergy

Histamine

Reason — The body produces Histamine in response to allergens, which leads to allergic symptoms like inflammation, skin rash and constriction of the bronchioles (as in asthma).
Histones are proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus; they are not involved in allergic responses. An antigen is a foreign substance that triggers an immune response, not a chemical produced by the body in response. Antibodies are produced by the immune system to fight antigens, but the immediate allergic symptoms are mainly due to histamine release.

Immunoglobulins

Reason — In an attempt to protect our body from these allergens, our immune system produces immunoglobulin proteins that are specific to the allergen.

Anaemia

Reason — Anaemia is a condition where the body does not have enough red blood cells. It is not triggered by the body's immune system's response to an allergen.
Asthma can be triggered by allergens like dust or pollen, leading to breathing difficulty, so it is often considered an allergic condition. Skin rashes commonly occur due to allergic reactions to substances like food, chemicals, or pollen. Dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition, often caused by allergens or irritants.

Anaphylaxis

Reason — A systemic allergic response is termed as Anaphylaxis.
Prophylaxis refers to preventive measures taken to avoid disease, not an allergic response. Asphyxiation means lack of oxygen due to breathing difficulty, not specifically an allergic reaction. Hypoxia refers to low oxygen levels in tissues, which can have various causes, not necessarily allergy-related.

Ears

Reason — Allergens usually enter our body through skin, nose and mouth, but not through ears.
Allergens can enter through the skin, causing reactions like rashes or dermatitis. Allergens like dust and pollen enter through the nose, leading to sneezing and respiratory allergies. Food allergens enter through the mouth, causing food allergies.

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Reason — A is true as when allergens enter the body, immunoglobulin proteins first bind to them and then to the white blood cells present in our body. This interaction triggers the release of histamine, which causes inflammation and other allergic symptoms.
R is true as immunoglobulin proteins and white blood cells help in defense against allergens, while histamine is responsible for producing allergic symptoms such as swelling, redness, itching, and rashes.

Therefore, Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A is the correct option.

A is true but R is false.

Reason — A is true as some children with milk allergy may also react to beef because both come from the same animal (cow) and may share similar proteins that trigger the immune response.
R is false as the explanation is incorrect. The allergy is not related to what cows eat (fodder, grass, hay). It is due to similar proteins present in cow’s milk and beef, not their diet.

Therefore, A is true but R is false is the correct option.

A is false but R is true.

Reason — A is false as symptoms like sneezing, coughing, wheezing, and watery eyes are typically caused by airborne allergens such as dust, pollen, or smoke not by foods like milk and seafood.
R is true as allergens in milk and seafood enter through the mouth and affect the digestive system, causing symptoms like vomiting, stomach upset, or diarrhea.

Therefore, A is false but R is true is the correct option.

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Reason — A is true as severe allergic reactions caused by insect bites, penicillin, aspirin, and other drugs can lead to a systemic allergic response called anaphylaxis.
R is true as in anaphylaxis, the allergen affects multiple organ systems at the same time (like respiratory, circulatory, and skin systems), causing severe dysfunction such as breathing difficulty, drop in blood pressure, and shock.

Therefore, Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A is the correct option.

A is true but R is false.

Reason — A is true as allergy testing is done using skin prick tests or intradermal tests, where small amounts of different allergens are introduced into the skin using a needle or device to identify the substance causing the allergy.
R is false as allergens are not injected into blood vessels for testing. Introducing allergens directly into the bloodstream can be dangerous and is not a standard diagnostic method. The purpose of skin testing is to observe a local skin reaction, not a systemic immediate response through blood injection.

Therefore, A is true but R is false is the correct option.

1. Clemens Von Pirquet
2. Hay fever
3. Allergy
4. Asthma
5. Histamine

1. Pollen
2. Immune
3. Histamine
4. Children
5. Food

1. ALERLEGSN → ALLERGENS
2. ATGNINE → ANTIGEN
3. PLNOLE → POLLEN
4. ARGLYLE → ALLERGY
5. HVSIE → HIVES
6. HSMAITNEI → HISTAMINE
7. AAHILANPYXS → ANAPHYLAXIS
8. AAMHTS → ASTHMA
9. IYINUMTM → IMMUNITY
10. IONITMANAFLM → INFLAMMATION

Allergy is defined as a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of one's immune system to allergens like dust, spores, pollen, insect stings, certain types of food and cloth, etc.

The substances that cause allergies are called allergens. Three common allergens are:

1. Dust
2. Spores
3. Insect sting

Blood test is mostly favoured for testing allergy. An allergy blood test is quick and simple, and can be ordered by a licensed health care provider. Unlike skin-prick testing, a blood test can be performed irrespective of age, skin condition, medication, symptom, disease activity, and pregnancy. Thus, we can say that blood test is a better test as compared to prick test.

Three routes by which allergens normally enter in our body are:

1. Skin
2. Mouth
3. Nose

The two tests generally used to diagnose allergy are:

1. Skin prick test.
2. Blood testing

Blood testing — A sample of patient's blood is sent to a laboratory for analysis. Multiple allergens can be detected with a single blood sample. The test measures the concentration of specific antibodies in the blood. The quantitative allergy blood result can help determine what a patient is allergic to, help predict and follow the disease development, estimate the risk of a severe reaction, and explain cross-reactivity.

(i) Allergy, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of one's immune system to something in the environment that usually causes no adverse effects to most other people. These diseases include hay fever, dermatitis, asthma, food allergies, etc.

(ii) Allergens are foreign substances (like pollen, dust, food, or animal dander) that trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

(iii) The chemical released during allergic reactions that causes inflammation is histamine.

(iv) Anaphylaxis is a severe and life-threatening allergic reaction that affects the whole body. It may cause difficulty in breathing, a sudden fall in blood pressure and shock.

(v) Two diagnostic methods used to detect allergen-specific antibodies are :

1. Skin prick test
2. Blood test