Multiple-Choice Questions

530+20

Reason — In the Rajya Sabha, 238 members are elected by the States in the Union while 12 members are nominated by the President. In the Lok Sabha, not more than 530 members shall represent the States and not more than 20 members shall represent the Union Territories.

The Government is unable to introduce the Bill because the Speaker adjourns the House.

Reason — The quorum for the House is one-tenth of its total membership, i.e., at least 55 members should be present. But in the given case, the quorum requirement is not met so the House cannot conduct its proceedings and pass bills. So, the Speaker will adjourn the House until there is a requisite quorum.

Every ordinance needs to be approved by both houses of the Parliament to become law.

Reason — When the Houses reassemble, the Ordinance should be approved by them within six weeks from the date of their reassembly, otherwise it lapses.

P and R

Reason — Money Bills can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha. Lok Sabha can vote a government out of power by introducing and passing a motion of No-Confidence by majority. These powers are enjoyed solely by the Lok Sabha and not the Rajya Sabha, while the process of Ordinary bills and impeachment include both Houses of the Parliament.

The Parliament

Reason — Only the Parliament has the authority to amend a law or bill that it has passed.

Speedy justice.

Reason — Lok Adalats have no complex procedures and delivers quick justice to people by mutual compromise and understanding. Any person can move Lok Adalat by an application on a plain paper or using the format available with Legal Service Authorities.

Revisory

Reason — Revisory Jurisdiction means that the High Court can call for the record of a case which has been decided by a subordinate court. If the High Court feels there has been blatant injustice in a case solved by the lower court, the High Court can review the case and take appropriate action on it.

He was not a natural male heir to the throne.

Reason — Under the Doctrine of Lapse, if an Indian ruler died without a natural heir his kingdom would automatically lapse to the British. An adopted heir could not become the ruler of such a state, and so the Rani of Jhansi, Laxmi Bai, was not allowed to adopt a son.

to attain self-governance

Reason — The objective of the Non-Cooperation Movement was to attain self-governance.

Lord Lytton.

Reason — The British Governor General who passed a similar law in India in 1878 was Lord Lytton. He enacted the Indian Arms Act of 1878, which prohibited Indians from carrying arms without a license.

(B) is the reason for (A).

Reason — The Moderates believed in attaining Swaraj through peaceful means, while the Assertive Nationalists believed in action. This led to difference in ideologies leading to Surat Split in 1907. That's why moderates wanted to insert a Clause in the Congress Constitution that said that Swaraj was to be achieved through constitutional means.

(A) is true, but (B) is false.

Reason — The nationalists believed that the British motive behind the partition was to 'Divide and Rule', so that they could weaken Indian nationalism, especially by splitting Hindus and Muslims.

The press regularly praised the policies of the British Government in India.

Reason — The Indian press criticised the unjust policies of the government and roused political consciousness among the people. It never praised the policies of the British Government in India.

P and S

Reason — The Congress aimed to promote friendly relations between nationalist political workers from different parts of the country and to train and organise the public opinion of the country. Keeping national workers unknown to each other and manipulating public opinion were never its objectives.

Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation — Gandhiji believed in in 'Ahimsa' or Non-violence and this violent turn of events went against the principles of 'Satyagraha' (non-violent resistance based on truth). He felt that the people were not yet ready for a non-violent struggle, so he suspended the movement to prevent further violence.

salt monopoly exercised by the British Government.

Reason — The Dandi march began on March 12, 1930, from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, a village on the Gujarat sea coast to break the salt law. The Dandi March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, was a pivotal act of Civil Disobedience Movement.

Quit India Movement

Reason — "We shall either free India or die in the attempt" is a famous statement from Mahatma Gandhi, delivered during the Quit India Movement in 1942. It emphasized the commitment to either achieve complete freedom or sacrifice their lives in the process.

Quit India Resolution

Reason — The Congress Working Committee met at Wardha in July 1942. It adopted the Quit India Resolution. It stated: "British rule in India must end immediately."

iv,iii,i,ii

Reason —

Congress Presidentship (1938–1939)
Formation of Forward Bloc (1939)
Supreme Commander of INA (1943)
Provisional Government of Free India (1943)

A plebiscite will be held for all states.

Reason — According to Mountbatten Plan, all existing treaties with the princely states would come to an end, they would be free to associate themselves with either of the Dominions or to remain independent. A plebiscite for the states was not required as decision regarding whether a state would join India, Pakistan, or remain independent was taken by the ruler of that respective state only.

Appointing the Prime Minister

Reason — The President makes appointment to key posts to run the government's administration. He/She appoints the Prime Minister — usually the leader of the majority party to form the government.

Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Explanation — The President uses his discretionary judgment to appoint the Prime Minister when no party has a clear majority in the Parliament. The President's discretion arises from the hung Parliament, not from the inability of the outgoing Prime Minister to advice.

For holding any office of profit under the Centre or the State government.

Reason — A person shall not be eligible for election as Vice-President if he/she holds any office of profit under the Government of India or Government of any State or under any local or other authority subject to the control of any of the said Governments.

He was nominated by the President.

Reason — The President of India can nominate 12 people to the Rajya Sabha who have special knowledge or practical experience in matters such as literature, science, art, and social service.

Advisory

Reason — Under its advisory jurisdiction, the Supreme Court advises the President on constitutional as well as other matters of law whenever he seeks its opinion. Since President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam sought the opinion of the Supreme Court on a matter of public importance, it is a case of advisory jurisdiction.

Winter Session

Reason — Normally there are three sessions of Parliament in a year — the Budget session (February-May), the Monsoon session (July-August) and the Winter session (November-December).

Central Powers – Germany, Austria, Italy

Reason — Germany, Austria and their allies were called the Central Powers. Italy was NOT a part of the Central powers.

They are both nominated by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council.

Reason — The United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council only elect the 15 judges of International Court of Justice. However, the President and the Vice-President are elected internally by the 15 Court judges themselves.

Disarm, decolonise and develop.

Reason — Disarmament refers to addressing global arms reduction, Decolonisation refers to supporting former colonies to gain independence, and Development refers to economic, social and sustainable development goals. While the other three are original goals of UNO, 'Disarm, decolonise and develop' were added later due to post-colonial and cold war period.

Japan could be used to weaken China.

Reason — Britain and France follow the policy of appeasement towards Japan because they thought that Japan could be used to weaken China.

The US and USSR were engaged in direct wars.

Reason — USA and USSR did not engage in an actual fight against each other, they continued to maintain diplomatic relations, but treated each other with hostility.

Non-Aligned movement

Reason — The given image depicts Jawaharlal Nehru reaching for 'Neutrality', while being tempted by aid from both the power blocs — USA and USSR. This reflects the core idea of NAM, i.e. staying neutral and independent from both power blocs and actively participating in world affairs to promote international peace, harmony and cooperation.