Look at the picture given and answer the following questions:

(i) The immediate cause of the First World War was the Sarajevo Crisis. Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, was assassinated at Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. Austria served an ultimatum on Serbia, and when Serbia did not accept all its demands, Austria declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914. The alliance system soon drew the other European powers into the war.

(ii)
(a) The war reparation imposed on Germany was fixed at 33 billion US dollars.

(b) Two ways in which France benefitted from the Treaty were:

1. Germany lost Alsace-Lorraine to France.
2. The coal mines in the German area called Saar were ceded to France for 15 years, the area itself being governed by the League of Nations.

(iii) The two dictators who rose in Europe after this war were Benito Mussolini in Italy and Adolf Hitler in Germany.

Two common causes for the rise of dictatorship were:

1. Discontentment after the Treaty of Versailles — Italy did not receive the territories she had hoped for, while Germany was humiliated by the harsh terms of the Treaty. This bitterness gave rise to a spirit of revenge and aggressive nationalism in both countries.
2. Economic Crisis — Both countries suffered heavy losses of life and property in the First World War. Trade and commerce were ruined, leading to large-scale unemployment and a shortage of food grains. The people therefore looked towards a strong leader who could solve their problems.