(a) Define the term Bytecode.

Java compiler converts Java source code into an intermediate binary code called Bytecode. Bytecode can't be executed directly on the processor. It needs to be converted into Machine Code first.

(b) What do you understand by type conversion? How is implicit conversion different from explicit conversion?

The process of converting one predefined type into another is called type conversion. In an implicit conversion, the result of a mixed mode expression is obtained in the higher most data type of the variables without any intervention by the user. For example:

int a = 10;
float b = 25.5f, c;
c = a + b;

In case of explicit type conversion, the data gets converted to a type as specified by the programmer. For example:

int a = 10;
double b = 25.5;
float c = (float)(a + b);

(c) Name two jump statements and their use.

break statement, it is used to jump out of a switch statement or a loop. continue statement, it is used to skip the current iteration of the loop and start the next iteration.

(d) What is Exception? Name two exception handling blocks.

An exception is an event, which occurs during the execution of a program, that disrupts the normal flow of the program's instructions. Two exception handling blocks are try and catch.

(e) Write two advantages of using functions in a program.

1. Methods help to manage the complexity of the program by dividing a bigger complex task into smaller, easily understood tasks.
2. Methods help with code reusability.